Asian Journal
Of Traditional Medicines

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Mechanisms and preliminary validation of luteolin in the treatment of hyperuricemia based on network pharmacology and toxicology studies Yulin Hong† , Xinhui Yang† , Zhenyu Liu, Yizhen Chen, Yunkun Zhang, Xin Wu Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (4): 161-172.   Abstract （110）      PDF（pc） （2310KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save Hyperuricemia (HUA) refers to a condition where fasting serum uric acid levels exceed 420 μmol/L in men and 350 μmol/L in women, affecting 17.4% of China’s general population, showing increasing prevalence among younger individuals. Luteolin, a common flavonoid compound, exhibits multiple biological effects, including inhibition of tumor proliferation and inflammatory responses. It also suppresses the activity of urate transporter 1 (URAT1), promoting uric acid excretion. This study is the first to integrate network toxicology and network pharmacology approaches to systematically analyze the multi-target mechanisms of adenine-induced HUA and luteolin-treated HUA, with molecular docking validation of interaction targets. We constructed compound-pathway-intersection gene networks and a dual-group PPI network to analyze the mechanisms of adenine-induced HUA and luteolin-treated HUA. The dual-group PPI network identified 7 shared targets, namely XDH, PYGL, IL10, PPARG, TNF, VEGFA, and MAOA, involving core intersecting pathways such as purine-xanthine metabolism and insulin resistance. Luteolin may activate PPARG to regulate inflammation and uric acid excretion modules in the adenine network. GO-KEGG analysis indicates that intersection genes for adenine pathogenesis involve diverse biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, with core target KEGG analysis revealing 15 signaling pathways. Luteolin’s therapeutic targets are associated with more entries, and its core target KEGG analysis identified 46 signaling pathways. Molecular docking shows TNF, PPARG, and PYGL bind to both luteolin and adenine with negative binding energies, and luteolin’s binding energies are all below 5 kJ/mol, confirming stable binding. Luteolin’s anti-HUA mechanism is characterized by inhibition of production, promotion of excretion, anti-inflammation and metabolic regulation, but interactions with gut microbiota metabolites require further study. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical components, pharmacological effects, and quality control of Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth. Shuxing Tian, Lan Zou, Yue Yang, Qiaoyan Yang, Fayun Zi, Pan Zhang Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (2): 77-89.   Abstract （108）      PDF（pc） （2016KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth. is a commonly used herb among ethnic minorities. Its whole plant is used as medicine  for conditions such as heatstroke, tinnitus, hearing loss, phlegm heat cough, gum swelling and pain, lower back and knee pain,  vaginal discharge and infantile malnutrition. Modern pharmaceutical research has found that Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex  Benth. mainly contains flavonoids, steroids, organic acids and terpenes, which have antibacterial, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and other effects. Quality control mainly focuses on characteristics, identification, content determination, etc. This article summarizes the recent research progress on the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, quality control and extraction process of Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth. on the basis of existing Crotalaria ferruginea Graham ex Benth.  research reports. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Yunpeng Yang, Ruiqi Ma, Yuzheng Xiang, Yu Wang, Rui Liu, Ying Li, Yu Chen Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (2): 65-76.   Abstract （97）      PDF（pc） （5376KB）（424）       Knowledge map    Save Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) is a heat-clearing and moisture-drying medicine, which is used to treat diseases such as  warm fever, upper respiratory tract infection, lung heat cough, moist heat jaundice, pneumonia, dysentery, hemoptysis, red  eyes, restless fetus, hypertension, abscess, swelling and boils. In recent years, with the in-depth study of its chemical composition  and pharmacological activity, it was found that the clinical antibacterial activity of S. baicalensis was significant, and it did not produce drug resistance. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S. baicalensis were reviewed in this paper. This review can provide reference for further development and utilization of medicinal value of S. baicalensis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of microbiocontrol technology in the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine Jiankun Jin, Rui Liu, Ruiqi Ma, Yuzheng Xiang, Yibo Wang, Meng Zhang, Yu Chen Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (2): 90-98.   Abstract （90）      PDF（pc） （7396KB）（240）       Knowledge map    Save Plant diseases affect the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, while traditional chemical pesticides have many drawbacks such  as environmental pollution, health risks and disruption of ecological balance. Microbiocontrol has gradually appeared in public  view, and its application has become increasingly extensive. This paper reviews the disease-causing species of medicinal plants,  including fungal, bacterial, nematode, viral and parasitic pests, and reviews the diseases caused by microorganisms in traditional  Chinese medicine planting and their biological control by consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases.  4667 related articles were found, of which 552 were related to microbiocontrol technology and cultivation of traditional Chinese  medicines. This review provides a reference for the green planting technology of traditional Chinese medicine. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Applications of metabonomics in traditional Chinese medicine Ruiqi Ma, Rui Liu, Yuzheng Xiang, Yibo Wang, Ran Guo, Ying Li, Yu Chen Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (3): 121-129.   Abstract （86）      PDF（pc） （881KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save Metabonomics, a key aspect of systems biology, offers novel approaches for early diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and health management in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This paper summarizes its applications in establishing TCM quality standards, exploring material basis, clarifying mechanism, and assessing toxicity. By profiling TCM and its metabolites, metabonomics comprehensively captures chemical traits, enhancing quality evaluation precision. It also tracks metabolic  dynamics to understand TCM’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, thereby facilitating the identification of active components and their underlying mechanisms. In toxicity assessment, metabonomics uncovers hepatic and renal toxicity while  elucidating potential mechanisms. In summary, metabonomics fosters TCM modernization and globalization, serving as a pivotal tool for advancing research and development.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis and insights into the changes of traditional Chinese medicine review and approval from 2020 to 2024 Wenli Li, Qian Sun, Wenxia Ding Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (4): 181-194.   Abstract （85）      PDF（pc） （1354KB）（1932）       Knowledge map    Save The official release of the “Drug Registration Management Measures” in January 2020 marked a new milestone in the  classification management of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) registration, ushering in a new era for the registration and  application of innovative TCM drugs. This article provides a detailed analysis of the approval status of innovative TCM drugs,  improved new drugs, and ancient classic prescription compound preparations from 2020 to 2024, revealing the significant  achievements made in the inheritance and innovation of TCM in China. The study found that the number of New Drug  Applications (NDAs) and Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs) have increased annually, with a particularly notable  surge in the submission of applications for classic prescription compound preparations. The approval rates for innovative  TCM drugs and improved new drugs have significantly increased, along with the streamlining of review and approval process,  leading to shorter development cycles and reduced costs. Key findings include: (1) Enterprises demonstrate strong enthusiasm  for the research and development of innovative and improved TCM drugs, actively engaging in various types of drug R&D and  submissions; (2) Classic prescription compound preparations have become a focal point for enterprises due to their shorter  development cycles and lower costs; (3) Improvement to the “three-combined” evidence system has accelerated the R&D process  by incorporating real-world data. Through this study, we aim to provide valuable insights for TCM R&D enterprises and  policymakers, promoting the sustained prosperity and development of the TCM sector. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of molecular identification techniquesin traditional Chinese medicine Jiankun Jin, Weiwei Zhang, Rui Liu, Ruiqi Ma, Yuzheng Xiang, Yibo Wang, Ying Li, Yu Chen Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (4): 173-180.   Abstract （81）      PDF（pc） （1703KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, molecular identification technology has become the predominant approach for the identification of traditional Chinese medicine. The molecular identification techniques in recent years were analyzed and summarized in this paper, such as RAPD, ISSR, RFLP, AFLP, SNP, and DNA bar code sequence analysis techniques. By consulting Sciencedirect databases and Web of Science databases, 2348 related articles were found, of which 39 were related to molecular identification techniques and traditional Chinese medicine. The application of the molecular identification techniques in four aspects was reviewed, namely the identification on the authenticity (true or false), multi-source identification and genetic diversity, producing area, and growing year discrimination of traditional Chinese medicine. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring the potential mechanism of drug pair Salviae Miltiorrhizae  Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment  of thrombosis after polycythemia vera by network pharmacology Yijie Yin, Guixin Pan, Hua Jin, Xixi Wang, Yi Sun, Tonghua Yang, Tao Shen, Yalian Sa Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (3): 105-120.   Abstract （81）      PDF（pc） （12974KB）（284）       Knowledge map    Save Thrombosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients suffering from polycythemia vera (PV). Drug pair Salviae  Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen, DS) and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Sanqi, SQ) is common traditional Chinese  medicine (TCM) used in clinical practice to promote blood circulation and eliminate blood stasis. In this study, network  pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the potentially active ingredients and underlying mechanisms of drug  pair DS-SQ against thrombosis after PV. These results show that 54 targets are related to both disease and the drug pair. Nineteen  core targets, including IL-6 and AKT1, were screened. Luteolin and tanshinone IIa from DS as well as quercetin from SQ might  be the major substances in the treatment of thrombosis after PV. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that the lipid and  atherosclerosis signaling pathway might play a significant role. These results provide valuable insights and a reference for the use of  drug pair DS-SQ in management of thrombosis after PV and lay a foundation for further exploration of pharmacological effects. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Discovery of quality marker and study on its pharmacodynamic differences in antirheumatoid arthritis in the three original plants of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma Liqi Cao, Tingting Chen, Chen Liu, Yueru Li, Xiaoqiu Liu, Xiajing Xu, Yingni Pan Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (2): 49-64.   Abstract （77）      PDF（pc） （5681KB）（325）       Knowledge map    Save Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) technology was employed to analyze the chemical composition of three Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma sourced from different origins. Common characteristic components were identified through comprehensive literature review and the integration of fragment ion data. A rheumatoid arthritis (AA) model was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using Freund’s complete adjuvant, and simultaneous administration of extracts from the three original plants of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma, along with different doses of magnoflorine, was conducted to evaluate differences in therapeutic efficacy. A common characteristic component was identified, magnoflorine, present in Clematis chinensis Osbeck. Clematis hexapetala Pall., and Clematis manshurica Rupr. Extracts from all three original plants, as well as each dose group of the Rhizomas of Clematis chinensis Osbeck. Clematis hexapetala Pall., Clematis manshurica Rupr., and magnoflorine, demonstrated efficacy in alleviating rheumatoid arthritis symptoms by enhancing cellular infiltration, reducing vascular opacification, and lowering serum levels of inflammatory factors. Magnoflorine has the potential to be used as a quality marker for the three original plants of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma. Additionally, both the three original plants and magnoflorine exhibit therapeutic potential for rheumatoid arthritis, which provides a solid theoretical and experimental basis for the establishment of more scientifically grounded quality standards of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma and promotes the rational utilization of medicinal resources. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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From natural medicines to metal weapons: therapeutic potential of flavonoid  metabolites in regulating host-Mycobacterium tuberculosis metal interactions Tianyi Zhao, Qingxuan Wu, Yihao Fan, Ru Li, Zifei Yang, Wenxin Li, Xiaoyun Zhao Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (3): 140-155.   Abstract （73）      PDF（pc） （9726KB）（212）       Knowledge map    Save Tuberculosis, an infectious disease, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Within the host immune system, transition  metals play vital roles in combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), acting as catalytic cofactors, mediating electron  transport, and catalyzing antimicrobial radical formation. Both the host and MTB have developed mechanisms to maintain  metal homeostasis. Flavonoids, important herbal materials with potent iron-chelating ability, have gained attention for their  antitubercular and anti-inflammatory effects, making them a promising treatment option. This review explores how trace  metals restrict MTB and the dynamic balance between pathogen and host, revealing innovative perspectives for therapeutic  interventions.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of chemical composition and pharmacological  activity of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Lévl. Shuxing Tian, Lan Zou, Yue Yang, Qiaoyan Yang, Fayun Zi, Pan Zhang Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (4): 195-207.   Abstract （60）      PDF（pc） （3167KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Lévl. is a commonly used folk medicine in southwest Yunnan. It has the effects of clearing heat  and detoxifying, promoting qi circulation and activating blood circulation. It is used to treat various conditions such as colds,  tonsillitis, mumps, lung-heat induced cough and asthma, abdominal distension and pain, pyelonephritis, gangrene of the  extremities, low back pain, and bruises from falls and injuries. This paper summarizes recent research progress on the chemical  constituents and pharmacological activities of Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Lévl., aiming to advance fundamental and clinical  studies on this plant and provide a reference for enhanced medical utilization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evolution of the protection system for traditional Chinese  medicine varieties and the strategic responses of traditional  Chinese medicine enterprises Wenli Li, Qian Sun, Xiang Li, Zhaojun Meng, Mengmeng Li, Wenxia Ding, Pengfei Zhang Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (3): 130-139.   Abstract （45）      PDF（pc） （841KB）（863）       Knowledge map    Save The protection system for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) varieties, as an important policy tool to promote the development  of TCM, has a long history of over 30 years, from the promulgation of the “Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Chinese  Medicine Varieties” in 1992 to the comprehensive revision of the draft for soliciting opinions in 2022. The TCM protection system  evolves to meet the needs of innovative development of TCM. This paper reviews the policy developments in TCM varieties  protection, collates protection data (1993 to 2024), and analyzes enterprises application strategies amid impending regulatory  changes.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Phytochemical investigation of the branches of Viburnum awabuki K. Koch and its chemotaxonomic significance Sidie Li†, Ningning Du†, Qi Song, Xiaoxiao Huang, Shaojiang Song Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (5): 213-225.   Abstract （44）      PDF（pc） （2390KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save Phytochemical investigation of the branches of Viburnum awabuki K. Koch led to the isolation of thirteen known compounds, including five lignans (1-5), one phytosterol (6), two phenylpropanoids (7-8), one chromone derivative (9), three pentacyclic triterpenoids (10-12), and one glyceride (13). The structures of these compounds were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison of experimental data with literature data. Additionally, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated secondary metabolites was also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A matrine-oxymatrine in-situ gel for the treatment of allergic rhinitis Peng Wu, Di Feng, Hongjian Wang, Shilin Li, Linghe Zang, Nan Liu, Yilin Wang, Dongchun Liu, Xing Tang Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (6): 253-270.   Abstract （41）      PDF（pc） （14993KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Ku Shen) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat damp-heat syndrome-related diseases, such as  dysentery, jaundice, rhinitis, and skin inflammation. Recent studies have revealed the potential pharmacological value of its active  alkaloid components, matrine (MAT) and oxymatrine (OMT), in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). To develop a thermosensitive  in-situ gel containing MAT and OMT for the intranasal treatment of AR, a thermosensitive matrix composed of Pluronic F127/ F68 was optimized using the Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology. The biosafety of the formulation was evaluated using  a palatal ciliary movement model. A guinea pig model of AR induced by ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide was established.  Pharmacodynamic effects were comprehensively assessed through behavioral scoring, histopathological analysis (hematoxylin and  eosin) of nasal mucosa, and serum immunological markers (IgE, IL-4, and IFN-γ). The MAT-OMT in-situ gel showed no toxicity during  ciliary movement in the toad palatal ciliary motility model. The MAT-OMT combination significantly alleviated nasal itching, sneezing,  and rhinorrhea in guinea pigs with AR, mitigated mucosal edema and epithelial damage, and improved inflammatory cytokine levels,  suggesting its efficacy in correcting Th1/Th2 immune imbalance. The comprehensive therapeutic effect of MAT-OMT was significantly  superior to that of MAT or OMT alone and comparable to that of the positive control, budesonide. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the mechanism of Zedoary turmeric oil combined with docetaxel in the treatment of breast cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technolog Yujiao Hou, Jian Wang, Bo Hong, Yuesheng Zhao, Jun Liu, Yanan Bao, Wenjing Li Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (6): 271-284.   Abstract （31）      PDF（pc） （14493KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reveal the multi-target pharmacological mechanism of Zedoary turmeric oil combined with docetaxel in the treatment of breast cancer, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking. The targets of docetaxel were retrieved from the Swiss Target Prediction database. The active components of Curcuma Zedoary turmeric were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), with criteria set as oral bioavailability OB ≥ 30% and drug-likeness DL ≥ 0.1. Potential targets of these components were subsequently predicted. Breast cancer-related targets were retrieved from the OMIM and GeneCards databases. The Venny tool was used to identify 177 overlapping targets between docetaxel, Zedoary turmeric oil, and breast cancer, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. A drug-breast cancer-KEGG pathway target network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0. Molecular docking was employed to verify the binding ability between drugs and core targets. Results showed that the combined treatment may exert anti-breast cancer effects through key targets such as MAPK1, PIK3CA, and HSP90AA1, primarily implicating the biological process of protein phosphorylation and engaging the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This study successfully predicted the key targets and enriched pathways of Zedoary turmeric oil combined with docetaxel for breast cancer treatment, providing new insights for further research and development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Applications of capillary electrophoresis in traditional Chinese medicine Xinyi Zhang, Jiankun Jin, Zixuan Che, Rui Liu, Ying Li, Meng Zhang, Yu Chen Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (5): 238-247.   Abstract （29）      PDF（pc） （812KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save Capillary electrophoresis (CE), recognized for its minimal reagent dosage, rapid analysis, and high efficiency, holds significant promise for the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). This article reviews the application of CE in the determination of active ingredients in TCM. The active substances of herbal medicines have been classified and discussed based on their chemical properties, and the CE methods applied to different substances are summarized and discussed. This article also provides some suggestions for future research and improvement. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chemical composition and biological activities of Angelica sinensis Jiankun Jin, Zixuan Che, Rui Liu, Ruiqi Ma, Ying Li, Meng Zhang, Yu Chen Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (6): 285-296.   Abstract （27）      PDF（pc） （5798KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Angelica sinensis (A. sinensis), as a kind of Chinese medicine, has the effects of tonifying blood, promoting blood circulation, regulating menstrual flow, relieving pain, moistening bowel and so on. By consulting Sciencedirect database and Web of Science database, 163 related articles were found, of which 36 were related to chemical composition and pharmacological activities of A. sinensis. In this paper, the chemical structures and different derivatives were systematically summarized by reviewing relevant literatures, and the pharmacological effects were also summarized. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on hepatotoxicity and toxicity reduction of Toosendan Fructus Xiaoyu Jiang, Yiduo Zhu, Mengwen Shang, Jun Yin, Zhihui Liu Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (5): 226-237.   Abstract （21）      PDF（pc） （2302KB）（247）       Knowledge map    Save This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals, mechanisms of toxicity, and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus (TF). Limonin-type triterpenoids, as primary hepatotoxic components, mediate toxicity though inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and apoptosis. Hepatotoxicity can be mitigated by controlling dosage, using processed forms of the herbs, and through rational herbal compatibility. The review provides insights for enhancing the safety and clinical application of TF. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A review of compounds with anti-hepatoma properties in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Xijie Wang, Ran Guo, Jiankun Jin, Zixuan Che, Meng Zhang, Ying Li, Yu Chen Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines    2025, 20 (6): 297-306.   Abstract （19）      PDF（pc） （2523KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save Hepatoma, one of the most common fatal malignant tumors, exhibits a rising global incidence, especially in developing countries. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has played an increasingly significant role in hepatoma treatment. Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis), a perennial herb in the legume family, is also known as G. uralensis, sweet root, sweet grass, and ancient Chinese grass. Its roots and rhizomes are used medicinally for their properties to nourish Qi, detoxify, and harmonized the effects of various compounds. This study selected “Glycyrrhiza”, “hepatoma”, and “pharmacological effect” as key search terms. From PubMed, a total of 2,947 articles were retrieved containing these keywords in either the abstract or title, among which 12 were relevant to Glycyrrhiza and hepatoma. Additionally, from the Wanfang database, 19,632 papers were retrieved with “Glycyrrhiza” in the abstract or title, among which 197 were related to Glycyrrhiza and hepatoma. This review focuses on the anti-hepatoma properties of Glycyrrhiza, providing a comprehensive overview of its common extracts, such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, and elaborating on their chemical structures, anti-hepatoma cancer mechanisms, and other pharmacological effects. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）