亚洲传统医药

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1. Influence of the crude aqueous extract of Solidago microglossa DC on the in vitro dissolution of rat blood clots

Adriana Santa Cecília Borges;Andréia Coutinho-Santos;Maria Thereza Alves Batista;Marcia Aguiar de Souza-Penha;Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira;Nilson Penha-Silva *

2008, 3 (6): 238-243.

摘要（4006）

This work evaluated the effect of the crude aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Solidago microglossa DC on the in vitro dissolution of rat blood clots and on the hydrolysis of N^α-benzoyl-D, L-arginine-para-nitroanilide. Blood samples from Wistar rats were treated with 5.0 µg of the crude lyophilized powder of S. microglossa per mg of blood, for 24 hours at 25 °C. After subtraction of the drug contribution, the contribution of the soluble solutes to the refractive index was significantly higher in the treated than in the untreated sera. After addition of ethanol, the drainage times were significantly higher for treated than for untreated sera. Under the experimental conditions used, there was no significant difference in the hemolysis rate between treated and untreated sera. The S. microglossa extract also exhibited a linear dose-dependent activity against N^α-benzoyl-D, L-arginine-para-nitroanilide. These observations indicate that S. microglossa is capable of promoting dissolution of blood clots, probably due to the action of amidase(s).

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2. Several flavonoids from Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.

Ning Song;Wei Xu;Hongfeng Guan;Xiaoqiu Liu *;Yibo Wang;Xiaoling Nie

2007, 2 (6): 218-222.

摘要（3548）

Nine flavonoids were isolated from the whole plant of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic., and their structures were identified as tricin (1), kaempferol (2), quercetin (3), kaempferol-7-O-α-L- rhamnopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D–glucopyranoside (5), quercetin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (7), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7- O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8) and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (9) on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. All the compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time.

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3. Pharmacological evaluation of some fungitoxic essential oils

Pramila Tripathi *;N. K. Dubey ;A. K. Shukla

2007, 2 (6): 239-243.

摘要（3377）

The present study comprises pharmacological trials with the essential oils of Mentha arvensis, Ocimum canum and Zingiber officinale which have been found to exhibit pronounced fungitoxic effects on several types of fungi which are toxic to some crops. Analysies of the blood and serum of albino rats fed with an oil-supplemented diet for sixty days did not reveal significant variations in the levels of hemoglobin, total blood glucose, protein, cholesterol, urea, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase nor in differential leucocyte counts, in comparison to rats fed a normal rat diet. These essential oils, thus, can be recommended as safe antifungal agents in so far as the parameters tested indicate.

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4. Anti-proliferative effects of Pouzolzia indica on acute promyelocytic cell lines: NB4 and HT93A

Yaowalak U-pratya;Weena Jiratchariyakul;Tanawan Kummalue *

2008, 3 (4): 124-133.

摘要（3252）

Pouzolzia indica Gaudich. var. angustifolia Wedd., a Thai medicinal plant in the Urticaceae family, has long been used as one of the components in Thai herbal remedies for treating various malignant diseases. The antiproliferative activity of extracts obtained from this plant on acute promyelocytic cell lines, NB4 and HT93A, was investigated. It was found that a methanol fraction of the stems and leaves of this plant inhibited cell proliferation of NB4 and HT93A cells with IC50 values of 28.5 ± 0.1 and 49.8 ± 0.7 µg/ml respectively. NB4 cells (3.2 % to 22.22 %) treated with 75 µg/ml of this fraction for 24 hr underwent apoptosis compared with untreated cells whereas HT93A cells (3.02 % to 51.34 %) treated with 150 µg/ml of this fraction underwent apoptosis compared with the control cells. These results suggest that elucidation of the active chemicals in this herb will be valuable.

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5. Effects of two Thai herbal remedies on the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic agents in human cancer cells

Totsaporn Srisapoomi;Weena Jiratchariyakul;Nisarat O-partkiattikul;Tanawan Kummalue *

2008, 3 (4): 144-152.

摘要（3175）

Two of the Thai herbal remedies as traditional medicine in Thailand for cancer therapy were tested against several human cancer cell lines to evaluate the growth inhibitory effect. Four human breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB435, SKBR3, MCF-7, and T47D, two human lung cancer cell lines: A549, and SK-LU1 and one human colon cancer cell line, Caco-2 were used to investigate the growth inhibitory effects of two Thai herbal remedies. Combination of chemotherapeutic agents and herbs was evaluated by MTT assay. This study demonstrated that the two Thai herbal remedies on their own had no effect on the growth of cancer cells, but, interestingly, in the case of A549 cancer cells treated with the two Thai herbal remedies plus doxorubicin, the IC₅₀ values were 1.020±0.091 and 1.438±0.381 µg/ml, respectively, when compared with doxorubicin alone measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle progression of A549 cancer cells, and it was found that, in A549 cancer cells, G2/M was significantly arrested by Thai herbal remedy number 1 from (34.34 ± 4.364) % to (38.15 ± 3.288) % and by Thai herbal remedy number 2 from (34.34 ± 4.364) % to (45.23 ± 2.991) % when compared with doxorubicin alone at 48 hours. This study demonstrated the advantage of the dual use of Thai herbal remedies plus chemotherapeutic agents in reducing the doses of the chemotherapeutic agents in vitro.

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6. Capsaicin Induces Apoptosis in HeLa Cells via Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 Pathways

Wei Yang;Xianfeng Gong;Xueling Zhao;Weiwei An;Xisha Wang;Minwei Wang*

2006, 1 (3-4): 159-165.

摘要（3156）

The mechanisms of capsaicin-induced apoptosis on HeLa cells wree studied. MTT cell growth assay, fluorescence microscopical observation, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were carried out. Capsaicin induced HeLa cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Capsaicin-treated HeLa cells showed typical characteristics of apoptosis including the morphologic changes, DNA fragmentation and sub-diploid peak. Caspase-3 inhibitor, z-DEVD-fmk, partially prevented capsaicin-induced apoptosis. Protein expression
of procaspase-3 and one of its substrates, inhibitor of caspase activated DNase ( ICAD ) was decreased in the capsaicin-treated cells. Bcl-2
expression was down-regulated, whereas Bax expression was increased. P53 protein expression was also increased. Capsaicin induced HeLa cell apoptosis through activation of caspase cascade, up-regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and p53 pathways.

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7. HPLC determination of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in Fuzilizhong Pills

Peipei Ren;Guoxiang Sun *

2008, 3 (3): 110-116.

摘要（3121）

HPLC was used for the quantitative determination of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in Fuzilizhong Pills. For the determination of glycyrrhizic acid, the separation was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-diethyl ether-water-acetic acid (60:6:34:3, volume ratio) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was set at 248 nm. For glycyrrhetinic acid, a Century SIL C18 BDS column (200 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the gradient elution solvent system was used, and the detection wavelength was 250 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was maintained at (30±0.5) ºC. The calibration curve showed a good linearity over the range 40-800 μg·ml-1 for glycyrrhizic acid, and the mean recovery was 97.9 % (RSD %=0.5 %). The linearity range was 7.6-152 μg·ml-1 for glycyrrhetinic acid, and the mean recovery was 101.2 % (RSD %=1.6 %). The methods are both simple and accurate, and can be used for the determination of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in Fuzilizhong Pills.

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8. Analgesic Peptides in Buthus martensii Karsch: A Traditional Chinese Animal Medicine

Jianhua Shao;Rong Zhang;Xin Ge;Bin Yang;Jinghai Zhang*

2007, 2 (2): 45-50.

摘要（3118）

Buthus martensii Karsch has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years for its outstanding pharmaceutical effects. With the development of modern separation and purification technology, more and more peptides have been isolated from the venoms of Buthus martensii Karsch. And the progresses in biomass spectrum, bioinformation, and other related technologies make it possible to study the structure-function relationships deeply. Recent progress of analgesic peptides in Buthus martensii Karsch was reviewed, involving their structural characters, bioactive sites, eletrophysiological characters, et al. We speculated that this kind of peptides would become a new class of painkiller for their species-specificity, high selectivity and little dependence.

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9. Quorum sensing modulators of Pseudomonas aeruginosa characterized in Camellia sinensis.

K. Mihalik;D. W. Chung;S. H. Crixell;R. J. C. McLean;D. A. Vattem*

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10. Simultaneous spectrofluorimetric determination of scopoletin and mangiferin in a methanolic extract of Canscora decussata Schult.

Neeraj K. Sethiya;Alok Nahata;V. K. Dixit *

2008, 3 (6): 224-229.

摘要（3096）

Scopoletin and mangiferin are two phenolic compounds detected in Canscora decussata (Gentianaceae). A simple, accurate and sensitive method for their determination in crude drug was developed using spectrofluorimetry. Scopoletin exhibited a strong bright blue fluorescence at excitation and emission wavelengths of 430 nm and 460 nm, respectively, and mangiferin exhibited a strong apricot yellow green fluorescence at excitation and emission wavelengths of 248 nm and 520 nm, respectively. The method was statistically validated and found suitable for quantitation of mangiferin and scopoletin in the methanolic extract of C. decussata. The proposed spectrofluorimetric method provides a faster and low cost quality control by simultaneous routine analysis of scopoletin and mangiferin in C. decussata and its formulations.

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11. Suppression of arsenic-provoked toxicity by Andrographis paniculata leaf extract

Avani Gopalkrishnan *;Mandava Venkateswara Rao

2008, 3 (3): 104-109.

摘要（3092）

The present work was designed to study the in vitro genotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide and methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (AP) in human peripheral lymphocyte culture (HPL). This study was carried out to investigate the consequences of exposure of lymphocytes to arsenic at three dose levels, 0.36 μM, 0.72 μM and 1.4 μM, for 24 h before harvesting. The criteria used included examination of micronuclei (MN), structural aberrations (SA) and numerical aberrations (NA/aneuploidy). Andrographis paniculata extract (syn: ‘Andrographis paniculata’) was co-cultured at the concentration of 4.9 ×10-3 µM along with the highest concentration of arsenic to study its possible beneficial effects. In addition, mutagenic effects of known mutagen mitomycin-C (MMC) were also assessed. The results of this study show that the arsenic-induced dose-dependent increase in the genotoxic endpoints was reduced by suggesting its protective role.

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12. Ethnomedicinal survey of shopian, Kashmir (J&K), India

Mudasir Ahmad Tantray *;Khurshid Ahmad Tariq;Mohd Maqbool Mir;Mohd Ayoob Bhat;Abdul Sami Shawl

2009, 4 (1): 1-6.

摘要（3082）

Traditional methods of disease treatment and control using plants and animals are predominant in rural societies of Kashmir Himalayas. Kashmir has a rich flora of medicinal plants with diverse biological properties. As a result of an ethnobotanical survey conducted during 2005-2007 in Shopian - a hilly district under the Pir Panjal range, the present paper provides the information on 20 such plant species belonging to 20 genera and 14 families.

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13. Studies on the chemical constituents of the vines of Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr.

Zhihui Liu;Songbo Li;Na Han;Dongxue Sun;Yunfeng Cao;Jun Yin *

2008, 3 (5): 193-198.

摘要（3070）

The aqueous extract of the vines of Streptocaulon juventas was divided into four fractions following adsorption resin chromatography. Among them, the 30% fraction exhibited the strongest antiproliferate activity against human HL-60 leukemia cell lines. The chemical constituents of this fraction were investigated. Nine compounds were isolated by column chromatography and recrystallization. Their structures were identified as syringaldehyde (1), isofraxidin (2), ferulic acid (3), β -sitosterol (4), scopoletin (5), syringic acid (6), salicylaldehyde (7), scoparone (8), and daucosterol (9). Except for β-sitosterol and daucosterol, the other compounds were obtained from the genus for the first time.

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14. Studies on the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rg₃by an active microorganism isolated from ginseng root soils in Changbai Mountain

Yan Wang;Wenqian Zhao;Xiuli Wu;Yixuan Zhang *

2008, 3 (5): 186-192.

摘要（3061）

Abstract
Ginsenosides are an important class of bioactive compounds in Ginseng. In recent years, the sugar chains of ginsenosides have been found to be closely related to its biological activity, and modification of the sugar chains by biotransformation of ginsenosides makes it easier to obtain rare ginsenosides. Samples of Ginseng root soils, collected from Changbai Mountain, were used to isolate fungi on PDA medium. A total of 68 fungal strains were isolated and then screened on solid transfer medium for active strains. A total of 12 strains showed positive activity on different ginsenosides, and one strain, SYP2353, was found to have the stronger activity on Rg₃, and its transformation products were separated and purified by column chromatography on silica-gel. The biotransformation products of Rg₃ were identified to be rare ginsenoside Rh₂ and aglycon PPD by spectral analysis and comparison of physical constants. Simultaneously, the active strain SYP2353 was identified as Myrothecium verrucaria based on morphological characteristics of colonies, conidium and conidiophore, as well as ITS rRNA sequence.

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15. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of Angelica glauca Edgew. root

Sushil Joshi;Om Prakash;Subrata Kumar Hore;Anjum Zafar;Anil Kumar Pant*

2008, 3 (2): 58-66.

摘要（3052）

Due to its hepatoprotective effects the aqueous extract of Angelica glauca root was investigated as possible treatment for carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The aqueous extract at 100 and 300 mg/kg induced significant effects. It increased the level of total serum protein, reduced the activities of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase as compared to the diseased control. In addition, supporting its hepatoprotective activity, treatment with the extract reduced the histopathological changes produced by CCl4. It did not have any significant effects on the weights of heart, liver kidney, lungs or the entire body. The extract also increased the chelation of Fe2+ and free radical scavenging (scavenging DPPH used as an indicator) as well as the reducing power to reduce free radicals. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorgenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid and p-coumaric acid were found to be the principle phenolic acids in A. glauca, which could be responsible for its hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity.

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16. Evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Moringa concanensis tender fruits

Ch. V. Rao *;Md. Talib Hussain;Arti R. Verma;Nishant Kumar; M. Vijayakumar;G.D. Reddy

2008, 3 (3): 95-103.

摘要（3051）

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanolic extract of Moringa concanensis tender pod-like fruits in experimental animals were evaluated. The ethanolic extract of M. concanensis at the dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg, was administered orally, once daily for 3 days for evaluation of the analgesic (analgesy-meter-induced pain, acetic acid-induced writhing and reaction time in the hot plate test) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw edema) effects. The activities of lysosomal enzymes and glycoproteins were investigated in fundic stomach and liver homogenate of rats with adjuvant–induced arthritis. A significant analgesic activity of M. concanensis was observed in mice; 22.53 % and 51.47 % (P<0.05 and P<0.001) protection against mechanical pain, 22.73 % and 51.63 % (P<0.05), protection against acetic acid-induced writhing and 62.20 % and 125.59 % (P<0.05 and P<0.01) protection against thermal-induced pain. Aspirin and pentazocine potentiated the analgesic effect of M. Concanensis. However, M. concanensis caused a significant (P<0.05 and P<0.001) and dose dependent inhibition of paw swelling caused by the carrageenan after 3 hr equivalent to 26.28 % and 44.23 % protection. Under the same experimental conditions, nimuslide (50 mg/kg; p.o.) potentiates the anti-inflammatory activity of M. concanensis. Oral administration of M. concanensis showed a tendency to reduce the elevated levels of the lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase) significantly and they reverted to near normal values, which may be due to stabilization of the lysosomal membrane. The glycoprotein (total hexose and sialic acid) contents were increased following treatment of M. concanensis in liver and stomach homogenate of rats with adjuvant–induced arthritis. Our results show that Moringa concanensis possess significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

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17. Preparation of Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems of Ginkgo biloba Extracts and In vitro Dissolution Studies

Jingling Tang;Jin Sun;Fude Cui;Zhonggui He*

2006, 1 (3-4): 138-141.

摘要（3017）

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems ( SEDDS ) are mixtures of oils, surfactants and cosurfactants, which efficiently improve dissolution of sparingly soluble drugs by rapid self-emulsification. Ginkgo biloba extract ( GBE ) has become a widely used herbal remedy for increasing cognitive function in the elderly. Based on a pseudo-ternary phase diagram and in vitro self-emulsification efficiency, the optimum formulation
was obtained for GBE. The in vitro dissolution behavior of SEDDS was measured, taking the tablets as reference. As for the optimum formulation, ethyl oleate, T50C50 ( 50 % Tween 80-50 % Cremophor EL35 ) and 1, 2-propanediol were selected as the oil phase, emulsifier and
cosolvent, respectively, in proportions 45: 45: 10. The content of GBE was fixed at 12.5 % w/w of the vehicle. The in vitro dissolution rates of the active components of GBE from optimal SEDDS were significantly faster than those of the GBE tablets.

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18. Studies of the Chemical Constituents of Epimedium koreanum Nakai

Na Li;Shaojiang Song *;Fang Luo

2006, 1 (3-4): 117-120.

摘要（2963）

Nine compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. On the basis of their physical and chemical properties and spectral data, they were identified as caohuoside F ( 3,5,7-trihydroxyl-4′-methoxy-8-( 3〞-hydroxyisopentyl ）-flavone-7-O-β-D –
glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-D –glucopyranosyl（1→3）-α-L-（4-acetyl）rhamnopyranoside )(1), maohuoside B (2), epimedin A (3), epimedin B
(4), icariin (5), icriside II (6), icariside I (7), epimedoside A (8), and hexandraside E (9). Compound 1 was a new compound, and compound 2 was separated from the plant for the first time.

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19. Development of a chromatographic fingerprint for the quality control of Radix Puerariae

Guogang Zhang *;Ping Li;Jifei Chi;Tiantian Zuo;Shengchao Wang;Li Li

2008, 3 (2): 67-75.

摘要（2947）

A simple, reliable and reproducible method, based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), for developing a chromatographic fingerprint of the herbal medicine Radix Puerariae is described. To establish the analytical method for Radix Puerariae, fingerprints of 13 batches of P. thomsonii Benth. and 4 batches of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) from different places were studied and compared by means of “The Similarity Calculation Soft of Fingerprint Chromatography of Traditional Chinese Medicine”. The study also established the fingerprint for the herbs, and some peaks were assigned by comparison with reference compounds. The precision, reproducibility and stability all satisfied the requirements of national standards for fingerprint development. A method for the determination of the quality of the herbs was established. There is increasing interest in the use of the kudzu root (Radix Pueraria) dietary supplements. Standardization of the analytical method to establish fingerprints for each species and the effects of growing areas is needed.

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20. Polysaccharides from Mongolian plants and their effect on the complement system: I. Polysaccharides from plants of the Asteraceae family

N. Batbayar;D. Banzragch;K.T. Inngjerdingen;R. Naran; T. E. Michaelsen and B. S. Paulsen *

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21. Traditional Medicines Used in Differentiation Therapy of Myeloid Leukemia

Rui Wang;Dandan Song;and Yongkui Jing*

2006, 1 (1): 37-44.

摘要（2896）

Differentiation therapy has been successfully carried out in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with
treatments involving all-trans retinoic acid, a natural metabolite of vitamin A, and arsenic trioxide, a
traditional medicine. Using human myeloid leukemia cell lines, many natural products isolated from
traditional herb medicines have been found to have differentiation-induction ability. Compounds from
traditional medicine with cell differentiation effects in leukemia cells are described in this communication.

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22. Preliminary study of an α-glucosidase inhibitor from the roots and stems of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.

Li Dong;Jing man Ni *

2008, 3 (5): 179-185.

摘要（2892）

The purpose of these experiments is to extract and isolate an α-glucosidase inhibitor from the roots and stems of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. The aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to give four separate extracts. The alkaloids of Polygonatum, Polygonatum polysaccharides, flavonoids of Polygonatum, saponins of Polygonatum and anthraquinones of Polygonatum were also extracted from Polygonatum sibiricum Red. The inhibitory activity of each fraction against α-glucosidase was determined and the inhibitory kinetics of the remaining aqueous fraction and Polygonatum polysaccharides were investigated. The inhibitory activity of the remaining aqueous fraction (67.08 %) and Polygonatum polysaccharides (80.19 %) was higher. Both were dose-dependent, and exhibited fast-binding, reversible, mixed-type α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. More potent α-glucosidase inhibitors can be obtained by separating Polygonatum polysaccharides and the water fraction of the aqueous extract of the roots and stems of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.

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23. Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of lung cancer

Yang Zhou;Wenyuan Gao *;Kefeng Li

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24. A molecular Biological Method for Screening and Evaluating the Traditional Chinese Medicine Used in Pi-deficiency Therapy Involving Intestinal microflora

Jing Kong;Xiaobo Li＊;and Chunfu Wu

2006, 1 (1): 1-6.

摘要（2868）

Pi-deficiency (“Spleen” deficiency), a common syndrome seen in clinics practising Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM), is one of the main digestive system diseases and is associated with gastrointestinal
microflora. In this study, a molecular biology method of evaluating and screening Pi-deficiency therapy and
other TCM related to intestinal microflora was established. The intestinal microflora were isolated from mice
feces for analysis; the total DNA extracted from the fecal intestinal microflora and its Enterobacterial
Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) protocol were studied. The Pi-deficiency model involved
treatment with an aqueous extract of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Reserpine. An analysis and comparison of
the ERIC-PCR fingerprints of intestinal microflora of mice feces obtained from healthy animals, Pi-deficient
animals and those cured by decoctions of Si-jun-zi-tang and Li-zhong-tang were carried out . The
ERIC-PCR fingerprints showed changes in all the intestinal microflora, and the method was found to be
an efficient method for evaluating and screening Pi-deficiency therapy and the other TCM acting on intestinal
microflora.

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25. Anxiolytic Effect of Baicalin in Mice

Xiuyan Wei;Jingyu Yang;Chunfu Wu*

2006, 1 (3-4): 150-154.

摘要（2859）

The present study compared the putative anxiolytic effect of baicalin, one of the active principles isolated from Huangqin ( Scutellariae Radix ), a Chinese herbal drug, with diazepam in mice by using the elevated plus-maze test, the light/dark test, the hole-board test and the isolationinduced
aggression test. Both baicalin ( 80 mg/kg, i.p. ) and diazepam ( 2.5 mg/kg, i.p. ) reduced the total fighting time in the isolation-induced aggression test. Baicalin ( 40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p. ) and diazepam ( 2.5 mg/kg, i.p. ) increased the percentage of time and entries spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze and increased the time spent in the light area of the light/dark box. In the hole-board test, baicalin ( 40 or 80 mg/kg, i.p. ) and diazepam ( 2.5 mg/kg, i.p. ) significantly increased both head-dip counts and head-dip duration and reduced head-dip
latency. Thus, the present findings indicate that baicalin has an anxiolytic effect.

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26. Microscopic identification and quantitative determination of four species of Folium syringae

Jinling Wang;Jun Yin *;Zhihui Liu and Na Han

2008, 3 (6): 230-237.

摘要（2851）

The microscopic characters of four species of Folium syringae, Syringa oblata, S. vulgaris, S. diatata and S. chinensis were compared and found the features of the epidermis, mesophyll cells and nerve cells could be used for distinguishing. The HPLC method was applied to determinate the content of dihydroxy benzoic acid of folium syringa, and the linear range of dihydroxy benzoic acid was (0.0315-0.0420) µg, r=0.9992. The recoveries of four species above by this method were 100.29 % (RSD=0.48 %), 101.59 % (RSD=0.71 %), 102.52 % (RSD=3.06 %) and 99.81 % (RSD=2.90 %) respectively. The results demonstrated that the four species of Folium syringae could be discriminated by microscopy, which provide us a simple way to identify crude drug of syringae. Besides, an accurate HPLC method has been established for the determination of dihydroxy benzoic acid, which can be used in the quality control of Folium syringae.

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27. Antidiabetic activities of methanol-derived extract of Dorstenia picta twigs in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Ngueguim Tsofack Florence;Dimo Théophile *;Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré;Vouffo Bertin;Dongo Etienne;Renaud Beauwens;Asongalem Acha Emmanuel;Zapfack Louis;Kamtchouing Pierre

2007, 2 (4): 140-148.

摘要（2846）

We investigated the effect of Dorstenia picta methanolic residue extract on blood glucose levels and some biochemical parameters in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Single oral administration of the extract at a dose of 75 mg/kg, significantly, reduced the blood glucose levels by 23.74 % and 29.79 %, in normal and diabetic rats, respectively after 5 hours. In glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the extract (75 mg/kg) produced a significant blood glucose lowering effect. Repeated doses of distilled water, insulin, 75 and 150 mg/kg of extract were administered orally and once daily to normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 14 consecutive days. D. picta and insulin prevented body weight lost, polyphagia and polydipsia, as well as a significant (p <0.01) decreased in blood glucose at the dose of 75 mg/kg (53.88 %) and 150 mg/kg (81.96 %). There was also significant decrease of elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides in both normal and diabetic rats. At these doses, reductions of plasma alanine and aspartate transaminase levels were recorded in both normal and diabetic rats but creatinine and total protein remained unchanged. These data indicated that D. picta treatment may improve glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes which could be linked to insulin-like activity and ameliorate kidney and liver functions. D. picta twigs have antidiabetic effect and could be a potential source of new oral antidiabetic drug.

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28. Iridoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides from Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.

Bin Chen;Naili Wang;Jinghui Huang;Xinsheng Yao;*

2007, 2 (3): 118-123.

摘要（2804）

Seven iridoid and phenylpropanoid glycosides were isolated from the roots of Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. by various chromatographic techniques. Then they were characterized by physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 8-O-(p-coumaroyl)-harpagide (1), 8-O-feruloylharpagide (2), harpagide (3), cis-acteoside (4), sibirioside A (5), acretoside (6), and 6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (7). Compound 5 was obtained from this plant for the first time and compounds 1, 6, 7 were obtained for the first time from the Scrophularia L.

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29. Simultaneous quantification of four major bioactive anthraquinones in Dangguilonghui Tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography

Chunli Hu;Yi Jin;Peng Zhang;Huaiqing Zhao *

2008, 3 (2): 52-57.

摘要（2799）

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four anthraquinones, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion, in Dangguilonghui Tablets (as traditional Chinese medicine). The optimal conditions involved separation on a Diamonsil-C18 column (200 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of methanol: 0.1 % phosphoric acid (180:20, v/v) and detection at 254 nm. Excellent linearity was obtained over the investigated concentration ranges, with the values of R2 higher than 0.999 for all the analytes. The recoveries, measured at three concentration levels, varied from 99.8 % to 101.2 %. The results indicate that the method is reproducible, precise and can be used for the quality control of Dangguilonghui Tablets

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30. Constituents from anti-tumor-promoting active part of Dioscorea bulbifera L. in JB6 mouse epidermal cells

Huiyuan Gao;Bailing Hou; Masonori Kuroyanagi;Lijun Wu *

2007, 2 (3): 104-109.

摘要（2794）

The anti-tumor-promoting effect was found in the 75 % ethanol extracts of the rhizomes of Dioscorea bulbifera L. using the neoplastic transformation assay of mouse epidermal JB6 cell lines. The EtOAc and n-BuOH soluble fractions showed different inhibitory activities against tumor promotion of JB6 (Cl 22 and Cl 41) cells induced by the promoter of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions were found to be potent anti-tumor promoters. Twenty-eight compounds were purified in the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions by chromatography and HPLC and their structures were identified. Among them, compounds 1, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 24, 25 and even a mixture of 12, 13 were also examined in the same way on their anti-tumor-promoting activities.

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31. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Volatile Oil of the Cones of Cupressus torulosa D. DON from Nilgiris, India.

Manimaran Sellappan *;Dhanabal Palanisamy;Nanjan Joghee;Suresh Bhojraj

2007, 2 (6): 206-211.

摘要（2793）

The aim of the present study was to investigate the various chemical components present in the volatile oil of the cones of Cupressus torulosa and to determine its antimicrobial activity. Twenty two compounds were identified with 98.08 % by GC-MS analysis. The major compound identified was terpinene-4-ol (25.91 %). The antimicrobial activity was assayed using the oil and a 2 % cream formulation of the oil and a cup plate method by measuring the zone of inhibition of growth. The gram-positive organisms used were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus coagulans. The gram-negative organisms used were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhii. In vitro antifungal studies were also carried out using, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma lignorum and Cryptococcus neoformans. The standard drugs used were penicillin (100 µg/mL), gentamycin (100 µg/mL) and griseofulvin (100 µg/mL) for gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, respectively. Both the oil and the cream formulation displayed anti-microbial activity against fungi than bacteria. This study is the first report analyzing the volatile oil of the cones of this plant.

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32. ledebourii on potassium dichromate-induced genotoxicity in mouse peripheral lymphocytes

Jingyu Yanga;Dafang Wanga;Ru Zhenga;Lei Guoa;Jinhui Wangb;Zhengbo Renb;Chunfu Wua*

2008, 3 (3): 84-94.

摘要（2790）

The protective effects of an ethanolic extract of the flower of Trollius ledebourii on DNA damage caused by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in mouse peripheral lymphocytes were investigated using single cell gel electrophoresis. The results showed that acute or chronic treatment with the extract of T. ledebourii (0.03, 0.1, and 0.29 g/kg, p.o.) produced no genotoxicity. DNA damage in lymphocytes induced by K2Cr2O7 (20 mg/kg, i.p.), a contaminant of many environmental systems, was significantly suppressed by the extract. The extract prevented a K2Cr2O7 -induced reduction in plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Moreover, the extract showed potent scavenging activity of H2O2/Fe2+-induced •OH in vitro. These data indicate that the protective effects of T. ledebourii may be associated with its anti-oxidative effects by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing •OH formation, suggesting a beneficial effect of T. ledebourii with regard to protection against the oxidative impairment of chromium.

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33. Scutellaria baicalensis Georg against cerebral ischemia and oxidative injury

Qiuhua Zhang *;Wenjing Sun ;Zhaofeng Han;Yu Zhong;Baoqiang Wang

2009, 4 (1): 26-35.

摘要（2782）

Scutellariae Radix, the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the clinical treatment of a variety of diseases including stroke. Scutellaria flavonoids (SF) are the effective ingredients extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Recent studies have shown that SF has protective effects against brain damage. In the present study, SF significantly prolonged the gasping time of decapitated mice and the survival time of the mice following bilateral carotid artery ligation, and improved the stroke symptoms in incompletely ischemic mice and mice with KCN-induced brain damage. SF could also significantly reduce the brain level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase the brain activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cerebral ischemic mice. In addition, SF exhibited inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. These results suggest that SF has a significant protective effect on cerebral ischemia and, as a free radical scavenger, it might be used to treat cerebral ischemic damage or stroke associated with free radical assault.

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34. Comparison of the Effects of Long-term and Short-term Treatment of Powder from Soft-shell Turtle on Bone Loss and Reduction in Bone Strength in OVX Rats

Jun Yin*;Zhihui Liu;Subehan;Junya Ueda;Katsumichi Matsushige;and Shigetoshi Kadota

2006, 1 (1): 15-19.

摘要（2765）

The comparative effects of long-term and short-term treatment with the powder of soft-shell turtle
(Trionyx sinensis)( SST) on the proximal tibiae of ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated by scanning
bones using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Initially, oral administration of SST (100
and 500 mg/kg) 3 times weekly was carried out for 6 weeks without any effect on preventing bone loss except
for inhibiting the reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) in cancellous bone; then SST (100 and 200 mg/kg)
3 times weekly was administered for six months and in the high dose group, it prevented the reduction in bone
mineral content (BMC) in total bone, BMC and bone mineral density (BMD) in cortical bone and bone
strength indexes induced by OVX, in a dose-dependent manner without any side effects on the uterus.

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35. The protective effect of red ginseng pulse-activated injection (RPI) on cardiac muscle in septic shock rats

Ying Zhang; Xiaomian Zhou *;Fanying Meng; Yinglin Cao; Xing Tang

2007, 2 (4): 154-158.

摘要（2750）

The protective effect and the possible mechanism of action of red ginseng pulse-activated injection (RPI) on cardiac muscle in septic shock rats were studied. More than sixty healthy Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups: a sham CLP group, a CLP group, an RPI (17, 8.5, 4.3 g/kg) group and a positive control group (DXGXZSY). To observe the effect of RPI on blood pressure, cardiac muscle, whole blood lactic acid levels and blood-serum NO levels in septic shock rats，cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to reproduce septic shock model. The blood pressure was decreased after the operation compared with that of the sham CLP group. RPI elevated the blood pressure of septic shock rats and decreased the damage in cardiac muscle although at different doses. At the same time RPI also decreased the levels of both whole blood lactic acid and blood-serum NO. Therefore, RPI can protect cardiac muscle from septic shock in CLP rats. The mechanism of action may be related to of its ability to decrease blood-serum NO.

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36. C-glycosylfavones and aromatic glycosides from Campylotropis hirtella (Franch.) Schindl.

Ping Wen;Huiying Han;Ruwei Wang;Naili Wang;*;Xinsheng Yao

2007, 2 (4): 149-153.

摘要（2728）

Five C-glycosylfavones and three aromatic glycosides were isolated from Campylotropis hirtella (Franch.) Schindl using a variety of chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were identified by means of physico-chemical properties and spectral data. They were orietin (1), isoorientin (2), vitexin (3), isovitexin (4), vitexin-2’’-xyloside (5), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), and (E)-resveratrol 3,5-O-β-D-diglucopyranoside (8), respectively. All of these compounds were obtained from the genus Campylotropis for the first time.

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37. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 and its terpene-lactones on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells

Ingrid A-L Persson *;Erica Lindén;Malin Andersson;Karin Persson

2008, 3 (2): 42-51.

摘要（2716）

The effects of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae), its terpene-lactones (ginkgolide A, B, C and bilobalide), biflavonols (quercetin), biflavones (sciadopitysin) and proanthocyanidins (procyanidin) on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured human endothelial cells from umbilical veins (HUVEC) were investigated. A dose-dependent significant inhibition of the ACE activity was observed after 10 min incubation with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 and quercetin. No significant effects due to terpene-lactones or sciadopitysin were seen. Incubation with Ginkgo biloba extract, quercetin, sciadoitysin and procyanidin for 24 hr significantly increased NO production. No significant effects were seen with ginkgolide A, B and C, while bilobalide induced a dose-dependent decrease in NO production. In conclusion, this study shows that Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits ACE activity and increases NO production from HUVEC. A flavonol (quercetin and/or homologs) is the main component responsible for the inhibitory effect of ACE activity. Quercetin and a proanthocyandin (procyanidin) are responsible for the increases seen in NO production. These results may explain the positive effects of Ginkgo biloba on the cardiovascular system and on cognitive function.

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38. Pharmaceutical - analytic study of the Ayurvedic purification of Manahshila (realgar)

Naveena Kodlady *;Doddamani MS;Patgiri BJ

2012, 7 (4): 143-150.

摘要（2710）

Manahshila (realgar, arsenic disulphide) has been used in Ayurvedic medicine since ancient times for the treatment of conditions such as skin diseases, cough, asthma, certain eye diseases, and psychological disorders etc. Shodhana (purification) is an integral part of Ayurvedic processing especially for poisonous substances before they can be used for therapeutic purposes. In the case of Manahshila, which contains the heavy metal arsenic, it is advised that it should be purified optionally by carrying out seven levigations (Bhavana) of Zingiber officinalis Roscoe. (Ardraka) juice. A Shodhana of Manahshila was carried out and both Ashodhita Manahshila (AM – unpurified realgar) and Ardraka Shodhita Manahshila (ASM – realgar purified with ginger juice) were investigated by examination of the relevant physico – chemical parameters, quantitative elemental analysis, including the percentage of arsenic using atomic absorption spectrometry, particle size analysis using laser diffraction, and identification of chemical moieties using X – ray diffraction. A significant change was found in the particle size distribution where 50% of the AM particles were found to be 54.18 µm. while the figure for ASM was 15.55 µm. There was no change in the chemical composition and both AM and ASM remained as arsenic disulphide.

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39. Structures and Anti-histamine Activity of Chalcones & Aurones Compounds from Bidens parviflora Willd.

Jue Wang;Naili Wang *;Xinsheng Yao and Susumu Kitanaka

2007, 2 (1): 23-29.

摘要（2690）

Using the effects on histamine release of Bidens parviflora Willd. to identify biologically active compounds. Five chalcones, two flavanones and two aurones were isolated and identified as 2′-hydroxy-3, 4, 4′–trimethoxy chalconee (I), 4, 2′,4′,6′-tetramethoxy dihydrochalcone (II), 3, 4, 2′, 4′, 6′-pentamethoxy dihydrochalcone (III), 7, 3′, 4′-trihydroxy flavanones (IV), 3′, 4′-dihydroxy flavanones 7-O-β-D-glucoside (V), 3, 4, 2′, -trihydroxy chalcone 4′-O-β-D-glucoside (VI), 3-methoxy-4, 2′, 3′-trihydroxy chalcone 4′-O-β-D-glucoside (VII), sulfuretin 6-O-β-D-glucoside (VIII), and maritimetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (IX). Compounds I-VII were obtained from Bidens parviflora Willd. for the first time , while compound III was a new dihydrochalcone, and I and II were isolated from natural sources for the first time. The chalcones glucosides and aurones glucosides exhibited activity in anti-allergic assays of histamine in rat mast cells induced by an antigen-antibody reaction and the inhibitory activity of NO production by macrophages is compared and discussed.

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40. The antitumor activities of Cucurbitacin Liposome for Injection both in vitro and in vivo

Junwei Wang;Xiaomian Zhou;Yinglin Cao;Jinfang Xiao;Enlong Ma*;Yihui Deng;Dawei Chen

2007, 2 (3): 98-103.

摘要（2683）

In this study, the antitumor activities of Cucurbitacin Liposome for Injection (CLI) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the antitumor effects of CLI on the growth of cultured human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, human hepatoma cells BEL-7402 and HepG2, and murine sarcoma S180 cells were determined by MTT assay and trypan blue dye-exclusion assay. In vivo, antitumor activity of CLI was investigated using H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, murine sarcoma cell S180 and Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the distribution of cells in each phase of cell cycle in S180 cells. CLI, at a low concentrations (1-100 nM), had a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation of HeLa, BEL-7402, HepG2 and S180 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CLI at 0.0275, 0.055, 0.11 mg/kg inhibited tumor growth in mice of S180, H22 and Lewis lung carcinoma cells, respectively. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated G2/M phase arrest in S180 cells following 24 h exposure to CLI. In conclusion, CLI has significant antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro probably due to induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest.

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